Muscle dysmorphia is a subtype of Body Dysmorphic Disorder that is defined by a persistent belief that one’s body is too small or not lean enough, despite having an objectively normal or highly muscular build. People who suffer with muscle dysmorphia have a very distorted perception of their bodies, which results in intense preoccupation with their appearance. Some examples include constantly comparing their bodies to others, frequently checking their muscles in the mirror, and measuring or weighing themselves. Although muscle dysmorphia can affect anyone, men are more likely to develop it than women, especially those who are involved in sports. 

According to the American Psychological Association, boys and men make up about one-third of eating disorder diagnoses. Social media and the rise of fitness influences have created unrealistic expectations for boys and men to live up to. Despite the large impact muscle dysmorphia and other forms of disordered eating have on men, there are limited research studies done exclusively on the male population. The lack of awareness can make it difficult to identify muscle dysmorphia, as many of its behaviors can easily be seen as dedication and discipline to a “healthy lifestyle”. Realistically, this disorder can consume a person’s entire life and negatively impact their physical and mental well-being. Some symptoms of muscle dysmorphia include low self-esteem, depression, disordered eating, rigid exercise routines, social isolation, and steroid use. 

Many people with muscle dysmorphia aren’t aware of the consequences they are inflicting on themselves and will often resort to plastic surgery in an attempt to change themselves. One of the first steps to recovery is to recognize these destructive thoughts and behaviors. Cognitive behavioral therapy is commonly recommended for individuals with muscle dysmorphia because it helps them address unhealthy and compulsive patterns and replace them with healthier ways of thinking. Other treatment approaches include meditation, support groups, and education about muscle dysmorphia. The goal of treatment isn’t to take away someone’s love for strength training and fitness, but to remind them of their worth beyond their perceived appearance. Having a balanced lifestyle and developing a healthy relationship with one’s body and hobbies can allow individuals to continue enjoying the things they are passionate about in a more sustainable way.

Article written by: Adriana Kirakosyan “My name is Adriana Kirakosyan and I have a deep love for learning and engaging with different mental health topics. I received my Bachelor’s of Arts in Psychology from University of California, San Diego in June 2026, and I will continue my education by pursuing a master’s degree in the near future.”